Common Names: Highland Breadfruit, Kapiak (in Papua New Guinea), Giant-leaved Fig
Description:
Ficus dammaropsis is a striking and rare tropical fig species native to the highlands of Papua New Guinea, typically growing at altitudes between 1,000 and 2,500 meters (3,300–8,200 feet). It is notable for its massive leaves, which are among the largest of any fig species—up to 90 cm (3 feet) long and heavily corrugated, giving it an architectural, prehistoric look. The tree itself can reach 10 to 15 meters in height (30–50 feet), forming a stout trunk with spreading branches.
Its edible fig (syconia) can be as large as a grapefruit and is traditionally eaten cooked in its native range, though it has a mild, sometimes starchy flavor. It is often grown ornamentally for its exotic appearance.
Climate Preferences:
USDA Hardiness Zones: Typically suited for zones 10–11.
Temperature: Prefers cool tropical to subtropical climates. Native habitat is cloud forest or highland rainforest with cool nights and mild days.
Frost Sensitivity: Highly frost sensitive—temperatures below 40°F (4°C) may cause damage.
Humidity: Thrives in high humidity, though it can adapt to lower humidity with protection and care.
Sunlight: Partial shade to full sun in cooler areas; prefers filtered sunlight in hotter lowland conditions.
Planting & Care Tips:
Soil: Well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter. Slightly acidic to neutral pH is preferred.
Watering: Likes consistent moisture but not waterlogged roots. Mulch well to retain humidity.
Fertilization: Monthly applications of balanced fertilizer during the growing season.
Wind Protection: Young trees should be protected from strong wind due to their large leaf surface area.
Container Growing: Can be grown in large containers and overwintered indoors in cooler climates, though it grows best in the ground in warm regions.
Pruning: Minimal pruning required except to shape or control height. Prune in late winter if needed.
Propagation:
Cuttings: Can be propagated from semi-hardwood cuttings taken in spring or summer.
Seeds: Rare but possible if viable seeds are collected; germination requires warm, humid conditions.
Landscape Uses:
Ideal for tropical gardens, botanical collections, or exotic specimen planting.
Its dramatic leaves make it a great focal plant in large landscapes or conservatories.
